Monoterpene
Monoterpenes are a group of naturally occurring compounds named terpenes and found throughout the plant kingdom. They are responsible for the characteristic scents of many plants (including cannabis) and have a wide range of uses in traditional and modern medicine.
What are monoterpenes?
Monoterpenes are organic compounds made up of two isoprene units (C5H8) and have a molecular formula of C10H16. They are colourless, volatile liquids and produce a huge range of very distinct aroma types.
Other than producing scents, what are the uses of monoterpenes?
Plants produce monoterpenes for a variety of reasons, including as a defence mechanism against herbivores and to attract pollinators. In addition to their role in plants, monoterpenes have long been used in traditional medicine for their anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and analgesic properties.
An ever-increasing body of research is also exploring the potential of monoterpenes in modern medicine.
What is the therapeutic role of monoterpenes?
Monoterpenes produce a range of therapeutic properties.
- Anti-inflammatory: Terpenes such as alpha-pinene and limonene can reduce inflammation, making them valuable in treating conditions like arthritis and asthma.
- Antiviral: Some terpenes, like beta-caryophyllene, possess antiviral properties that can help combat various viral infections.
- Antimicrobial: Terpenes such as linalool and alpha-terpineol have shown efficacy against a wide spectrum of bacteria and fungi, offering a natural solution to microbial resistance.
- Analgesic: Many terpenes, including myrcene, are known for their pain-relieving properties, offering an alternative to traditional painkillers.
- Stress Reduction: Terpenes like linalool and limonene can help alleviate stress, anxiety, and depression, promoting mental well-being.
- Antioxidant: Terpenes such as gamma-terpinene exhibit antioxidant activity, which helps neutralise harmful free radicals in the body.
What monoterpenes does cannabis produce?
Each cannabis cultivar produces its own unique terpene benefits.
- Myrcene is one of the most abundant terpenes found in cannabis and is known for its sedative and pain-relieving effects.
- Pinene, with its distinct pine scent, has shown potential as an anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator.
- Limonene offers a citrus aroma and has been studied for its anti-carcinogenic and stress-reducing effects.
- Beta-caryophyllene, found in black pepper and other herbs, has shown promise as an anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective compound.
- Linalool has a sweet floral fragrance and is known for its calming properties.
- Humulene, also found in hops and coriander, has shown antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects.
To find out more about monoterpenes, click here
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